ISO 1562-1984 牙科用铸金合金
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【英文标准名称】:Dentalcastinggoldalloys
【原文标准名称】:牙科用铸金合金
【标准号】:ISO1562-1984
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:国际
【发布日期】:1984-08
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:国际标准化组织(ISO)
【起草单位】:ISO/TC106
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:金合金;牙科材料;牙科学;包装;铸件;规范;分类;机械试验;材料规范;作标记;试验;特性;分类系统;铸塑;机械性能;包装件
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:C33
【国际标准分类号】:0675
【页数】:4P;A4
【正文语种】:英语
【原文标准名称】:牙科用铸金合金
【标准号】:ISO1562-1984
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:国际
【发布日期】:1984-08
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:国际标准化组织(ISO)
【起草单位】:ISO/TC106
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:金合金;牙科材料;牙科学;包装;铸件;规范;分类;机械试验;材料规范;作标记;试验;特性;分类系统;铸塑;机械性能;包装件
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:C33
【国际标准分类号】:0675
【页数】:4P;A4
【正文语种】:英语
下载地址: 点击此处下载
【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodsforTestingPolyurethaneRawMaterials:DeterminationofHydroxylNumbersofPolyols
【原文标准名称】:聚氨基甲酸乙酯原料的标准试验方法:多元醇的羟基数的测定
【标准号】:ASTMD4274-2005
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2005
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D20.22
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:塑料;测定;材料;羟基值;聚氨酯;试验
【英文主题词】:aceticanhydride;esterification;hydroxylnumber;phthalicanhydride;polyester;polyether;polyol;pyromelliticdianhydride;titration
【摘要】:Thesetestmethodsaresuitableforresearchandasqualitycontrolandspecificationtests.Itisnecessarytoknowthehydroxylcontentsofpolyolsinordertoformulatepolyurethanesystems.1.1Thesetestmethodsmeasurethehydroxylgroupsinpolyesterandpolyetherpolyolscontainingprimaryandsecondaryhydroxylgroups.Theyalsoapplytomanyotherhydroxyl-containingsubstances.1.1.1TestMethodA-AceticAnhydridePressureBottlerecommendedforpolyesters.1.1.2TestMethodB-PhthalicAnhydridePressureBottlerecommendedforpolyethersandpolyesters.1.1.3TestMethodC-PhthalicAnhydrideRefluxrecommendedforpolyethersandpolyesters.1.1.4TestMethodD-Imidazole-CatalyzedPhthalicAnhydridePressureBottlerecommendedforpolyethers,polyesters,polymerpolyols,andamine-initiatedpolyols.1.1.5TestMethodEImidazole-CatalyzedPyromelliticDianhydrideEsterification,recommendedforpolyolsusedforflexibleandrigidpolyurethanefoamsandurethaneelastomers.Itisrecommendedforpolyesterpolyols,polyetherpolyols,amine-startedpolyols,andpolymerpolyols(polyacrylonitrile/copolystyrene-based).1.2OtherASTMtestmethodsformeasuringhydroxylgroupsareTestMethodsD1957andE222(seeNote0).Note18212;TestMethodCisessentiallysimilartoISO6796-1981,buttherearesomedifferencesintheconcentrationsusedandsomeproceduraldetails.TherearecurrentlynodataavailableforcomparingtheresultsofTestMethodCtothoseofISO6796-1981.1.3ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:G31
【国际标准分类号】:83_080_20
【页数】:9P.;A4
【正文语种】:
【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforMeasuringHeatTransferRateUsingaThin-SkinCalorimeter
【原文标准名称】:用薄皮热量计测量传热速率的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTME459-2005
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2005
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E21.08
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:叠层板材;纤维;航天技术;热量计;热传递;规范(验收);材料;测量;航空航天运输
【英文主题词】:calorimeter;convective;heatflux;heattransferdistribution;heattransferrate;radiative;thin-skin
【摘要】:Thistestmethodmaybeusedtomeasuretheheattransferratetoametallicorcoatedmetallicsurfaceforavarietyofapplications,including:3.1.1Measurementsofaerodynamicheatingwhenthecalorimeterisplacedintoaflowenvironment,suchasawindtunneloranarcjet;thecalorimeterscanbedesignedtohavethesamesizeandshapeastheactualtestspecimenstominimizeheattransfercorrections;3.1.2Heattransfermeasurementsinfiresandfiresafetytesting;3.1.3Laserpowerandlaserabsorptionmeasurements;aswellas,3.1.4X-rayandparticlebeam(electronsorions)dosimetrymeasurements.Thethin-skincalorimeterisoneofmanyconceptsusedtomeasureheattransferrates.Itmaybeusedtomeasureconvective,radiative,orcombinationsofconvectiveandradiative(usuallycalledmixedortotal)heattransferrates.However,whenthecalorimeterisusedtomeasureradiativeormixedheattransferrates,theabsorptivityandreflectivityofthesurfaceshouldbemeasuredovertheexpectedradiationwavelengthregionofthesource.In4.6and4.7,itisdemonstratedthatlateralheatconductioneffectsonalocalmeasurementcanbeminimizedbyusingacalorimetermaterialwithalowthermalconductivity.Alternatively,adistributionoftheheattransferratemaybeobtainedbyplacinganumberofthermocouplesalongthebacksurfaceofthecalorimeter.Inhightemperatureorhighheattransferrateapplications,theprincipaldrawbacktotheuseofthin-skincalorimetersistheshortexposuretimenecessarytoensuresurvivalofthecalorimetersuchthatrepeatmeasurementscanbemadewiththesamesensor.Whenoperationtoburnoutisnecessarytoobtainthedesiredheatfluxmeasurements,thin-skincalorimetersareoftenagoodchoicebecausetheyarerelativelyinexpensivetofabricate.FIG.1TypicalThin-SkinCalorimeterforHeatTransferMeasurement1.1Thistestmethodcoversthedesignanduseofathinmetalliccalorimeterformeasuringheattransferrate(alsocalledheatflux).Thermocouplesareattachedtotheunexposedsurfaceofthecalorimeter.Aone-dimensionalheatflowanalysisisusedforcalculatingtheheattransferratefromthetemperaturemeasurements.Applicationsincludeaerodynamicheating,laserandradiationpowermeasurements,andfiresafetytesting.1.2Advantages1.2.1SimplicityofConstructionThecalorimetermaybeconstructedfromanumberofmaterials.Thesizeandshapecanoftenbemadetomatchtheactualapplication.Thermocouplesmaybeattachedtothemetalbyspot,electronbeam,orlaserwelding.1.2.2Heattransferratedistributionsmaybeobtainedifmetalswithlowthermalconductivity,suchassomestainlesssteels,areused.1.2.3Thecalorimeterscanbefabricatedwithsmoothsurfaces,withoutinsulatorsorplugsandtheattendanttemperaturediscontinuities,toprovidemorerealisticflowconditionsforaerodynamicheatingmeasurements.1.2.4Thecalorimetersdescribedinthistestmethodarerelativelyinexpensive.Ifnecessary,theymaybeoperatedtoburn-outtoobtainheattransferinformation.1.3Limitations1.3.1Athigherheatfluxlevels,shorttesttimesarenecessarytoensurecalorimetersurvival.1.3.2Forapplicationsinwindtunnelsorarc-jetfacilities,thecalorimetermustbeoperatedatpressuresandtemperaturessuchthatthethin-skindoesnotdistortunderpressureloads.Distortionofthesurfacewillintroducemeasurementerrors.1.4ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareforinformationonly.1.5......
【中国标准分类号】:A42
【国际标准分类号】:17_200_10
【页数】:7P.;A4
【正文语种】:
【原文标准名称】:聚氨基甲酸乙酯原料的标准试验方法:多元醇的羟基数的测定
【标准号】:ASTMD4274-2005
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2005
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D20.22
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:塑料;测定;材料;羟基值;聚氨酯;试验
【英文主题词】:aceticanhydride;esterification;hydroxylnumber;phthalicanhydride;polyester;polyether;polyol;pyromelliticdianhydride;titration
【摘要】:Thesetestmethodsaresuitableforresearchandasqualitycontrolandspecificationtests.Itisnecessarytoknowthehydroxylcontentsofpolyolsinordertoformulatepolyurethanesystems.1.1Thesetestmethodsmeasurethehydroxylgroupsinpolyesterandpolyetherpolyolscontainingprimaryandsecondaryhydroxylgroups.Theyalsoapplytomanyotherhydroxyl-containingsubstances.1.1.1TestMethodA-AceticAnhydridePressureBottlerecommendedforpolyesters.1.1.2TestMethodB-PhthalicAnhydridePressureBottlerecommendedforpolyethersandpolyesters.1.1.3TestMethodC-PhthalicAnhydrideRefluxrecommendedforpolyethersandpolyesters.1.1.4TestMethodD-Imidazole-CatalyzedPhthalicAnhydridePressureBottlerecommendedforpolyethers,polyesters,polymerpolyols,andamine-initiatedpolyols.1.1.5TestMethodEImidazole-CatalyzedPyromelliticDianhydrideEsterification,recommendedforpolyolsusedforflexibleandrigidpolyurethanefoamsandurethaneelastomers.Itisrecommendedforpolyesterpolyols,polyetherpolyols,amine-startedpolyols,andpolymerpolyols(polyacrylonitrile/copolystyrene-based).1.2OtherASTMtestmethodsformeasuringhydroxylgroupsareTestMethodsD1957andE222(seeNote0).Note18212;TestMethodCisessentiallysimilartoISO6796-1981,buttherearesomedifferencesintheconcentrationsusedandsomeproceduraldetails.TherearecurrentlynodataavailableforcomparingtheresultsofTestMethodCtothoseofISO6796-1981.1.3ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:G31
【国际标准分类号】:83_080_20
【页数】:9P.;A4
【正文语种】:
【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforMeasuringHeatTransferRateUsingaThin-SkinCalorimeter
【原文标准名称】:用薄皮热量计测量传热速率的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTME459-2005
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2005
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E21.08
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:叠层板材;纤维;航天技术;热量计;热传递;规范(验收);材料;测量;航空航天运输
【英文主题词】:calorimeter;convective;heatflux;heattransferdistribution;heattransferrate;radiative;thin-skin
【摘要】:Thistestmethodmaybeusedtomeasuretheheattransferratetoametallicorcoatedmetallicsurfaceforavarietyofapplications,including:3.1.1Measurementsofaerodynamicheatingwhenthecalorimeterisplacedintoaflowenvironment,suchasawindtunneloranarcjet;thecalorimeterscanbedesignedtohavethesamesizeandshapeastheactualtestspecimenstominimizeheattransfercorrections;3.1.2Heattransfermeasurementsinfiresandfiresafetytesting;3.1.3Laserpowerandlaserabsorptionmeasurements;aswellas,3.1.4X-rayandparticlebeam(electronsorions)dosimetrymeasurements.Thethin-skincalorimeterisoneofmanyconceptsusedtomeasureheattransferrates.Itmaybeusedtomeasureconvective,radiative,orcombinationsofconvectiveandradiative(usuallycalledmixedortotal)heattransferrates.However,whenthecalorimeterisusedtomeasureradiativeormixedheattransferrates,theabsorptivityandreflectivityofthesurfaceshouldbemeasuredovertheexpectedradiationwavelengthregionofthesource.In4.6and4.7,itisdemonstratedthatlateralheatconductioneffectsonalocalmeasurementcanbeminimizedbyusingacalorimetermaterialwithalowthermalconductivity.Alternatively,adistributionoftheheattransferratemaybeobtainedbyplacinganumberofthermocouplesalongthebacksurfaceofthecalorimeter.Inhightemperatureorhighheattransferrateapplications,theprincipaldrawbacktotheuseofthin-skincalorimetersistheshortexposuretimenecessarytoensuresurvivalofthecalorimetersuchthatrepeatmeasurementscanbemadewiththesamesensor.Whenoperationtoburnoutisnecessarytoobtainthedesiredheatfluxmeasurements,thin-skincalorimetersareoftenagoodchoicebecausetheyarerelativelyinexpensivetofabricate.FIG.1TypicalThin-SkinCalorimeterforHeatTransferMeasurement1.1Thistestmethodcoversthedesignanduseofathinmetalliccalorimeterformeasuringheattransferrate(alsocalledheatflux).Thermocouplesareattachedtotheunexposedsurfaceofthecalorimeter.Aone-dimensionalheatflowanalysisisusedforcalculatingtheheattransferratefromthetemperaturemeasurements.Applicationsincludeaerodynamicheating,laserandradiationpowermeasurements,andfiresafetytesting.1.2Advantages1.2.1SimplicityofConstructionThecalorimetermaybeconstructedfromanumberofmaterials.Thesizeandshapecanoftenbemadetomatchtheactualapplication.Thermocouplesmaybeattachedtothemetalbyspot,electronbeam,orlaserwelding.1.2.2Heattransferratedistributionsmaybeobtainedifmetalswithlowthermalconductivity,suchassomestainlesssteels,areused.1.2.3Thecalorimeterscanbefabricatedwithsmoothsurfaces,withoutinsulatorsorplugsandtheattendanttemperaturediscontinuities,toprovidemorerealisticflowconditionsforaerodynamicheatingmeasurements.1.2.4Thecalorimetersdescribedinthistestmethodarerelativelyinexpensive.Ifnecessary,theymaybeoperatedtoburn-outtoobtainheattransferinformation.1.3Limitations1.3.1Athigherheatfluxlevels,shorttesttimesarenecessarytoensurecalorimetersurvival.1.3.2Forapplicationsinwindtunnelsorarc-jetfacilities,thecalorimetermustbeoperatedatpressuresandtemperaturessuchthatthethin-skindoesnotdistortunderpressureloads.Distortionofthesurfacewillintroducemeasurementerrors.1.4ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareforinformationonly.1.5......
【中国标准分类号】:A42
【国际标准分类号】:17_200_10
【页数】:7P.;A4
【正文语种】:
